那天在老黄的佛学班分享时谈到,佛陀是大医王,众生是病人,佛法是良药。然而老黄说在弘法的过程中,不要认为听的人是病人,因为这很可能会以为听法的人是被动的、弘法是单向的,同时也可能会忽略听者的因缘背景。我很认同,因为佛法是对人而说的,这个“人”就是自己,而不是别人。例如当我们谈到戒律时,我们不是要拿戒律来看别人做得好不好,批评别人的修养,而是用来衡量自己到底做得如法还是不如法。因此,这个“病人”不是别人,只是自己。在弘法的时候,了解听众的因缘背景,了解听者的需要和心情,方能契理契机、适情适理,说者和听者方能受益。来听弘法的人不是白纸,弘法者不能自以为是,把自己的价值观强加在别人身上,这会造成反效果,甚至远离佛教。
同样的,老黄说曾有一段时期,教师(教育工作者)被认为是医生,而学生是病人,这也是一种错误。他和我们分享《其实有一百》(The Hundred is There)这首诗:
儿童不是白纸,原本就有自己的潜质。他们对世界的观感不是被动的,而是以自己的一套方式主动探索和认知。我们把自己的那一套都强加给儿童,结果抑制了儿童的潜力、扭曲了他们的本质、破坏了他们心灵的纯洁,他们的多样性才华也最终渐渐消失殆尽。
这让我想起在老黄的新书推介礼上,他引用朱自强教授的话 - 别把儿童看成一张白纸。
朱自强教授说:
同样的,老黄说曾有一段时期,教师(教育工作者)被认为是医生,而学生是病人,这也是一种错误。他和我们分享《其实有一百》(The Hundred is There)这首诗:
The child
is made of one hundred.
The child has
a hundred languages
a hundred hands
a hundred thoughts
a hundred ways of thinking
of playing, of speaking.
A hundred always a hundred
ways of listening
of marveling of loving
a hundred joys
for singing and understanding
a hundred worlds
to discover
a hundred worlds
to invent
a hundred worlds
to dream.
The child has
a hundred languages
(and a hundred hundred hundred more)
but they steal ninety-nine.
The school and the culture
separate the head from the body.
They tell the child:
to think without hands
to do without head
to listen and not to speak
to understand without joy
to love and to marvel
only at Easter and at Christmas.
They tell the child:
to discover the world already there
and of the hundred
they steal ninety-nine.
They tell the child:
that work and play
reality and fantasy
science and imagination
sky and earth
reason and dream
are things
that do not belong together.
And thus they tell the child
that the hundred is not there.
The child says:
No way. The hundred is there.
is made of one hundred.
The child has
a hundred languages
a hundred hands
a hundred thoughts
a hundred ways of thinking
of playing, of speaking.
A hundred always a hundred
ways of listening
of marveling of loving
a hundred joys
for singing and understanding
a hundred worlds
to discover
a hundred worlds
to invent
a hundred worlds
to dream.
The child has
a hundred languages
(and a hundred hundred hundred more)
but they steal ninety-nine.
The school and the culture
separate the head from the body.
They tell the child:
to think without hands
to do without head
to listen and not to speak
to understand without joy
to love and to marvel
only at Easter and at Christmas.
They tell the child:
to discover the world already there
and of the hundred
they steal ninety-nine.
They tell the child:
that work and play
reality and fantasy
science and imagination
sky and earth
reason and dream
are things
that do not belong together.
And thus they tell the child
that the hundred is not there.
The child says:
No way. The hundred is there.
(作者是Loris Malaguzzi,意大利人,原文和中文翻译可以在网上搜寻到)
儿童不是白纸,原本就有自己的潜质。他们对世界的观感不是被动的,而是以自己的一套方式主动探索和认知。我们把自己的那一套都强加给儿童,结果抑制了儿童的潜力、扭曲了他们的本质、破坏了他们心灵的纯洁,他们的多样性才华也最终渐渐消失殆尽。
这让我想起在老黄的新书推介礼上,他引用朱自强教授的话 - 别把儿童看成一张白纸。
朱自强教授说:
如果让我比喻的话,我想说,儿童的心灵像一颗有着旺盛生命力的种子。因为儿童的生命体内具有先在的灵性,教育对儿童来说,就永远不是像面对一张白纸那样单方面从外部灌进去的,而是包括着儿童心理的积极开展,包括着儿童从心灵内部发起的有机的同化作用。是的,儿童的心灵像一颗有着旺盛生命力的种子,而每个大人也何尝不是?教育工作者和佛教教育工作者是不是都要有这样的醒觉?
如果把儿童看作一张白纸,成人就会误认为自己是儿童的创造者,会把自己摆在教育的主体地位上;而把儿童看作一颗种子,成人将把自己当成儿童的合作者,作为合作者,成人在教育中必须抑制自己,而不能好为人师,他应该竭尽全力地去理解儿童,支持和帮助儿童发展其生命。
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